Photography Basics

Focus Point
The place with sharpest focus on the subject.

Aperture
This is the adjustment of the lens opening, measured as f-number (f4.5 f5.0).
controls the amount of light passing through the lens.
Aperture also has an effect on depth of field and diffraction. Thhe higher the f-number, the smaller the opening and less light pass through making greater depth of field.

Shutter speed
This is the adjustment of the speed of the shutter to control the amount of time of exposure.
Shutter speed controls the amount of light striking the image plane. Faster shutter speeds decreases both the amount of light and the amount of image blurring from motion.

White balance
On digital cameras, electronic compensation for the color temperature associated with a given set of lighting conditions, ensuring that white light is registered as such on the imaging chip and therefore that the colors in the frame will appear natural. On mechanical, film-based cameras, this function is served by the operator's choice of film stock or with color correction filters. White balancing of a blue object provides a warm color temperature.

Metering
Measurement of exposure so that highlights and shadows are exposed according to the photographer's wishes. Many modern cameras meter and set exposure automatically. Before automatic exposure, correct exposure was accomplished with the use of a separate light metering device. Translates the amount of light into a usable aperture and shutter speed, the meter needs to adjust for the sensitivity of the film or sensor to light. This is done by setting the "film speed" or ISO sensitivity into the meter.

ISO speed
Tells the camera the film speed of the selected film on film cameras, ISO speeds are employed on modern digital cameras as an indication of the system's gain from light to numerical output and to control the automatic exposure system. The higher the ISO number the greater the film sensitivity to light, whereas with a lower ISO number, the film is less sensitive to light. A correct combination of ISO speed, aperture, and shutter speed leads to an image that is neither too dark nor too light, hence it is 'correctly exposed,' indicated by a centered meter.

Autofocus point
On some cameras, the selection of a point in the imaging frame upon which the auto-focus system will attempt to focus. Many Single-lens reflex cameras (SLR) feature multiple auto-focus points in the viewfinder.

Red Eye
A red or blue color gets into eye when flash is close to the lense. This happens when light illuminates eye ball.
Use bounce off flash or keep flash away from camera.

CAMERA ANGLES

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Birds eye angle
Looks directly down, mostly used as an establishing angle and an extreme long shot

Zoom
camera (lense) zooms in/out from subject

High angle
Looks down on subject. Makes the charater look weak and vulnerable.

Eye Level angle
Camera is is on the same level as the subject  and most common angle used

Low angle
This looks up on a subject which makes chracter strong and  powerfull

Camera Shorts (also used in video)